Can environmental dimensions be included in the life cycle of LiFePO4 batteries?

The novelty of the present investigation is the inclusion of the environmental dimension in the life cycle of cylindrical cell LiFePO4 batteries, specifically those of the 18,650 formats, where the casing was considered for which the LCA method was employed (Porzio and Scown 2021).

Which parts of a battery are least sustainable?

Moreover, the electrodes — anode and cathode — were the least sustainable, representing 71.82% of the environmental penalization of the components and 41.36% of the battery’s full life cycle. The separator was the least unfavourable component, making up 0.08% of the environmental penalty of the components and 0.05% of the battery’s full life cycle.

What is a lithium ion battery?

One type is that of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. These have remarkable properties including high specific power, efficient gravimetric and volumetric energy densities, small size, good storage capacity, low self-discharge rate and a lack of memory effect (Arshad et al. 2020).

Are lithium-ion batteries a good choice for EVs?

Currently, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the first choice in the EV field due to their advantages of light weight, great performance, high energy density and high output power 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.

Do environmental values affect the life cycle of a battery?

Therefore, in line with the results obtained through the midpoint approach, it can be intuited that the environmental values of the Spanish energy matrix and the carbon present in the electrodes will be the main agents of penalization in the area of Human Health and, consequently, in the entire life cycle of the battery analysed.

Which battery pack has the highest environmental characteristic index?

During the running phase, the battery pack with the highest environmental characteristic index is Li–S, while LMO/NMC-C has the lowest green characteristic index. This result occurs that the mass energy density is the key.