How much energy do warehouse and storage buildings use?

Warehouse and storage buildings used 528 trillion British thermal units (TBtu) of energy in 2018. Although warehouse and storage buildings accounted for 18% of total commercial floorspace, these buildings accounted for 8% of energy consumption in commercial buildings.

How much energy does a commercial building use?

Although warehouse and storage buildings accounted for 18% of total commercial floorspace, these buildings accounted for 8% of energy consumption in commercial buildings. Electricity was the most-used fuel (325 TBtu), followed by natural gas (199 TBtu).

How many square feet are in a warehouse & storage building?

On average, warehouse and storage buildings were 17,400 square feet per building. Many warehouse and storage buildings were newer buildings—about one-half (51%) were constructed in or after 1990. Warehouse and storage buildings used 528 trillion British thermal units (TBtu) of energy in 2018.

What is a bottom-up battery energy storage system?

This work incorporates base year battery costs and breakdowns from (Ramasamy et al., 2022), which works from a bottom-up cost model. The bottom-up battery energy storage systems (BESS) model accounts for major components, including the LIB pack, inverter, and the balance of system (BOS) needed for the installation.

How much energy does a space heater use?

All other end uses each accounted for 10% or less of end-use consumption. Energy intensity was highest for space heating (15.8 MBtu per square foot) and lowest for office equipment (0.1 MBtu per square foot). Individual space heaters were the most common heating equipment and were used in 22% of warehouse and storage buildings.

What are warehouse and storage buildings used for?

Warehouse and storage buildings are used to store goods, manufactured products, merchandise, raw materials, or personal belongings (such as public self-storage). We publish four subcategories of warehouse and storage buildings: More than one-half (55%) of warehouse and storage buildings were nonrefrigerated warehouses.